![]() ![]() March to Delhi: After freeing their comrades and killing the British officers, they decided to march on to Delhi.The rest of the Indian sepoys reacted strongly to this, and the next day, on 10th May, the entire Indian garrison revolted.Eighty-five of them were dismissed and sentenced to ten years imprisonment on 9th May. Meerut: On 24th April, ninety men of the Third Native Cavalry stationed at Meerut refused to use the greased cartridges.He was hanged, which created anger and resentment amongst the sepoys. Barrackpore: On 29th March 1857, Mangal Pandey, stationed at Barrackpore, revolted against his British officers.It was the immediate root of the uprising. The Hindu and Muslim soldiers were so outraged by this that they began to suspect that the government was actively attempting to undermine their religion. ![]() Pig and beef fat were used to make the grease.Cartridges of the new Enfield rifle, which had recently been introduced in the army, had a greased paper cover whose end had to be bitten off before the cartridge was loaded into the rifle.The atmosphere was so surcharged that even a small issue could lead to revolution. Discrimination in civil administration: Indians were deprived of higher posts, which were primarily taken by the British.They were also treated with humiliation and abuse, which created discontent amongst Indian sepoys. Discrimination in the army: There was discrimination in salary, cost of maintenance and the military ranks between Indian sepoys and their British counterparts.Interference in religion: Religious leaders, such as Pandits and Maulvis, have also lost all of their previous power and prestige.Alien rule: Britishers never mixed with the Indian people and treated even the upper-class Indians with contempt.The high burden of taxes, erstwhile cultivators being taken away from their lands, etc., made the peasants desperate for a regime change. It gave rise to new landlords, absentee landlords and moneylenders that created resentment in older landlords. Impact on agriculture: The land revenue policies followed by the Britishers led to the commercialisation of agriculture and made the land a tradable commodity.By 1813, Indian handicrafts lost domestic and foreign markets, and British factories were captured and monopolised through war and colonisation. Impact on traditional industries: The British aimed to make India a consumer of British goods, leading to the collapse of industries like textiles, metalwork, glass, and paper.These annexations created resentment among the deposed rulers as well as their subjects, many of which were recruited as sepoys.Many princely states were annexed by using the Doctrine of lapse, such as Satara in 1848 and Jhansi in 1854 by Dalhousie. Awadh, however, was annexed under an excuse that Nawab Wazid Ali Shah was mismanaging the state.These factors are briefly described below: Political Causes of Revolt of 1857 These factors were already in the process of pressure build-up since the consolidation of Bengal in 1764, first leading to the numerous minor rebellions and ultimately in the Revolt of 1857. There were several factors for the 1857 Revolt, although the British's ruthless exploitation of the Indians was common in all. Many prominent leaders of the Revolt and common mass fought bravely with the British forces. The Revolt of 1857 was mainly concentrated across the vast portions of northern India, engulfing the peasantry and other civilian populations that stood side-by-side with their leaders. They became more cautious in their approach towards administration, the nature of the army, differential treatment of the vast Indian communities, etc. As the Revolt of 1857 posed a considerable threat to British power, it was proved as a watershed movement for the British perspective towards India. ![]() It started on, first in the form of sepoy mutiny and later as a concerted effort by Indian rulers under the de jure supervision of the last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar. The Revolt of 1857, also known as the " First War of Independence," was the first significant attempt by Indians to end British imperialism.
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